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Monad is a layer 1 blockchain with custom execution and consensus clients, offering 10,000 TPS, single-slot finality, low-hardware requirements and full EVM bytecode compatibility.
1000x
faster than Ethereum
Designed to be the smoothest user experience for your apps.
Sub-cent
gas fees
Sub-cent gas fees for extreme scalability and mass adoption.
100%
EVM-compatibility
Use the existing EVM ecosystem to your advantage.
Low
hardware requirements
Consumer-grade hardware creates a clear path to decentralization.
The Web3 Environment
Over 90% of all capital in DeFi is in EVM apps.
The EVM is the ubiquitous standard of web3. In spite of this and all of the resources being poured into the EVM, EVM-compatible blockchains have extremely low throughput.
Ethereum supports roughly 10 TPS, and no EVM rollup is over 50 TPS.
Why?
The Problem
Transactions on most blockchains are inefficient.
For most blockchains, block creation requires consensus and execution of ordered transactions, which are interdependent. This intertwined process consumes time and resources, leading to slow and costly block creation.
The unwillingness of the industry to modify and optimize the Virtual Machine has led to minor improvements to overall throughput.
Different consensus mechanisms are able to support shorter block times and somewhat higher gas limits (i.e. execution budgets); the combination of these factors results in a 5x improvement in throughput for the EVM blockchains relative to Ethereum. While this sounds impressive, it’s against a very low baseline of 10 TPS.
It's extremely expensive to scale decentralization.
Nodes require powerful and expensive RAM to run— costing thousands to even begin participating in the network, making it incredibly difficult to scale decentralization.
The Solution
To make EVM transactions more efficient, deep optimization is needed across all levels of the stack.
From the database layer, to the virtual machine layer, to the consensus and networking layer— low-level optimizations are required at every step to allow consumer-grade hardware to deliver exceptional performance while maintaining a high degree of decentralization.
Reinventing the Layer 1 Blockchain
Introducing Monad.
With Monad, a new paradigm of blockchain technology is available to developers and users— solving both performance and market issues with 4 key features.
Optimistic Parallel Execution
Efficiently processes blockchain transactions by executing them in parallel using multiple virtual machines, predicting dependencies to optimize scheduling, and merging results sequentially to ensure correct execution order while maximizing resource utilization.
Asynchronous Execution
Execution begins on a block after consensus completes, running in parallel to the next block’s consensus.
MonadBFT
A custom BFT mechanism derived from HotStuff, optimized to reduce communication phases from three to two, enhancing efficiency. Its optimistically responsive design allows rounds to progress at actual network latency, improving performance.
MonadDB
A custom state database that significantly enhances blockchain performance by optimizing storage and access of Merkle Patricia Trie data, enabling high-performance parallel access crucial for Monad's parallel execution capabilities.
MonadDB allows you to keep most of the state on SSD instead of RAM— reducing RAM requirements, costs and allowing consumer-grade hardware to participate in the network.
Read the documentation
Monad’s features bring about the original promises of Web3.
Scalable.
Decentralized.
Secure.
And extremely fast.
Reinventing the Layer 1 Blockchain.
Build on the fastest EVM-compatible layer 1 blockchain.
Join the Monad ecosystem and bring your vision to life. Build cutting-edge applications, access advanced resources, and receive support to grow your project.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Is Monad truly 100% EVM-compatible without code changes?
Yes! The Monad blockchain is 100% EVM compatible at the bytecode level — meaning contracts from ETH mainnet, or other fully EVM compatible networks will work out-of-the-box without requiring any code changes.
Simply deploy your EVM smart contracts on the Monad blockchain to experience game-changing cost reduction and performance.
How is MonadDB different from other databases?
MonadDb is the world’s first database purpose-built for the EVM. The EVM requires data to be stored in a special cryptographic data structure, known as a Merkel Patricia Trie (MPT), which allows for succinct verification of blockchain data.
MonadDb leverages the latest advancements in Linux kernel technology to support parallel state access, greatly reducing the overhead of database access and allowing system resources to be used elsewhere during parallel execution.
In contrast, off-the-shelf databases are largely suboptimal for storing MPT data, which may result in applications downloading significantly more data for verification, or otherwise pose significant challenges to blockchain scalability.
In what language is the Monad client developed?
The Monad client is built with a modular software architecture, separating the tasks of consensus and execution between two software modules: the consensus client and execution client respectively.
The consensus client is written in Rust which is a memory-safe language that allows for low-level optimizations. The execution client is written in C/C++, well-established and battle-tested languages for developing low-level system critical code.
Why is the Monad blockchain developed as a L1?
The Monad network is a full stack solution for developers, allowing access to a highly composable ecosystem without compromising on real-time censorship resistance.
While L2 solutions may offer one way to compress data stored on the base layer, the Monad blockchain is a scalable base layer for the EVM itself at it's most fundamental layer.
A highly-performant base layer gives application developers the best of both worlds, with a high degree of composability and real-time censorship resistance in the name of scalability.